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MEDIA |
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Acrylic |
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A synthetic paint combining certain qualities of oil paint with those of water paint. Like watercolor, it is water-soluble, it dries quickly, and it is permanent. It allows for the creation of varied effects, from light washings to thick colours. Acrylic painting was used for the first time during the 1940's. This medium seriously rivals the more conventional oil paint. |
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Oil Painting |
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Used in the technique of painting on wood or canvas. In general, the pigments are mixed with rich oils (linseed, nut, poppy), plus the addition of other essential oils or solvents such as spirits of turpentine. The principle was already known and used in ancient times, but the technique of oil painting as we know it today was perfected by Flemish painters at the beginning of the 15th century. |
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Collage |
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The procedure consisting of arranging and gluing different materials on the same support. |
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Mixed Medium |
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A work in which more than one technique or medium of representation is featured in a work of art. |
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SUPPORTS |
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Stretchers |
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Frame on which the canvas of a painting is stretched. |
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Backing |
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Backing consists of adhering a thin and supple pictorial support to a stronger, often more rigid, support. This requires the use of a strong paste, such as ceruse, starch or dextrin. |
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Strong Paste Paper |
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The paper is pasted on a rigid support (wood or stone) or on a supple support (canvas) which serves to transform the nature of the base which will receive the paint. |
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Canvas |
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The background woven cloth most commonly used as support in oil paintings. Historically, canvas started to rival wooden panels as the support for oil paint around 1500. The most common material is linen, though cotton, hemp, or jute may also be used. Canvas must be coated with a ground and must be stretched in preparation for absorbing oil paint. |
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TERMS |
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Abstract Art |
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Abstract art is a non-figurative art which makes no attempt to represent reality. It frees itself from imitating reality as it exists within the laws of traditional perspective. Born at the beginning of the 20th century, it developed in following two major tendencies: the first one emotional or gestural, and the second one geometric. Among the precursors: Hartung, Pollock, Kadinski, Mondrian… |
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Contemporary Art |
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Term loosely used to denote art of the present day and of the relatively recent past, of an innovatory or avant-garde nature. |
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Figurative Art |
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Referring to the human form or shape: reproduction of elements as they exist in life, as opposed to abstraction. |
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Art Nouveau |
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Complex international style in architecture and design, parallel to Symbolism in fine art. Developed through 1890s and brought to wide audience by 1900 Exposition Universelle in Paris. Characterised by sinuous linearity and flowing organic shapes based on plant forms. |
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Brownish (bistre) |
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Intermediate colour between brown and rust yellow. |
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Still Life |
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The representation of inanimate objects represented on the canvas, such as flowers or fruits. |
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Trompe l'œil |
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A painting which gives the illusion of real objects with a true relief. By analogy, this term was also applied to paintings which, by a slight relief or an impression which literally "fools the eye", give the illusion of sculpted relief. |
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